Dwight Eisenhower Fast Facts

Dwight Eisenhower Fast Facts Dwight Eisenhower (1890 - 1969) was chosen for the White House in 1952. He had filled in as the Supreme Allied Commander during World War II and was a massively mainstream figure in the United States. He had the option to convey 83% of the constituent vote. Incidentally, he never observed dynamic battle regardless of his numerous years in the military.â Following is a rundown of quick realities for Dwight Eisenhower. For more inside and out data, you can likewise peruse the Dwight Eisenhower Biography. Birth: October 14, 1890 Demise: Walk 28, 1969 Term of Office: January 20, 1953 - January 20, 1961 Number of Terms Elected: 2 Terms First Lady: Marie Mamie Geneva Doud Graph of the First Ladies Dwight Eisenhower Quote: No individuals can live to itself alone. The solidarity of all who stay in opportunity is their own sure. ~Second Inaugural AddressAdditional Dwight Eisenhower Quotes Significant Events While in Office: End of the Korean War (1953) Brown v. Leading group of Education (1954) Interstate Highway System Created (1956)Eisenhower arranged Federal soldiers to Little Rock, Arkansas to uphold joining (1957)Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) States Entering Union While in Office: Gold country (1959)Hawaii (1959) Related Dwight Eisenhower Resources: These extra assets on Dwight Eisenhower can give you additional data about the president and his occasions. Dwight Eisenhower BiographyWant an increasingly point by point take a gander at Dwight Eisenhowers life from his youth through his time as president? This history gives point by point data to assist you with increasing a superior comprehension of the man and his organization. Diagram of World War IIWorld War II was the war to end animosity by savage tyrants. The partners battled for empathetic treatment surprisingly. This war is described by limits. Individuals recollect the legends with affection and the culprits of the Holocaust with scorn. Earthy colored v. Leading group of EducationThis legal dispute upset the precept of Separate yet Equal that had been permitted with the Plessy v. Ferguson choice in 1896. Korean ConflictThe war in Korea kept going from 1950-1953. It has been known as the overlooked war due to its position between the greatness of World War II and the distress brought about by the Vietnam War. Outline of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis useful diagram gives brisk reference data on the presidents, VPs, their terms of office, and their ideological groups. Other Presidential Fast Facts: Harry TrumanJohn F. KennedyList of American Presidents

Media influences in sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media impacts in humanism - Essay Example This is a social issue since media impacts the world discernment and needs of individuals. It is utilized to control and sort out propensities and assessments of the general public through bogus qualities and convictions of the prevailing social gathering. It controlled the social apparatus controlling the sentiments and propensities for center and low classes. It is frequently thought to be ordinary that an idle gathering, if it doesn't experience any impediment or obstruction and that it has adequate 'cognizance' of the normal intrigue, will act 'normally' in propelling its inclinations. Inactive gatherings know about their inclinations, and such mindfulness leads 'typically' to aggregate activity intending to propel the basic intrigue. The sole obstructions which may forestall this aggregate activity are, from one viewpoint, a postponement in the presence of a familiarity with basic intrigue, and, then again, an opposition which gets from dissimilar or conflicting interests of dif ferent gatherings (Schmidt 363). Rivalry between bunches whose interests are both real and at any rate halfway in resistance is an essential methods for a convergence of intensity in current social orders. To begin from the contention between a worth framework and a standard framework is to assume that one or other is lucid when taken without anyone else. Media repeats the basic parts of frameworks of connection (Schmidt 241). Publicizing is one of the most remarkable media devices which promote

The Best WordPress Permalink Structure Which One

The Best WordPress Permalink Structure Which One Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!The Best WordPress Permalink Structure: Which One?Updated On 30/01/2016Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : WordPressShort URL : http://hbb.me/1m20Smu CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogFew days back we discussed WordPress permalink on our HBB FB Group and I was really amazed by some answers, I just thought of sharing my views here as a blog post to the most debated question Which is the best WordPress permalink structure?. Do I know the answer? Well, lets find out.Note: Before going further I would like to tell, if you are already running a quality/authority blog with good content, then its okay to proceed with the current permalink itself, changing your WordPress permalink will be very hectic, lots of redirections and stuff, so take action accordingly.Best WordPress Permalink StructureTo see these options, you can migrate to Settings > Permalinks.1. Plain: /?p=123Here 123 is the post ID. This is the default WordPress permalink. This is the one your blog gets when you first install WordPress on it. And do you know what WordPress calls this permalink as? Ugly.When Should I Use It? NEVER.2. Day and Name: /2016/01/28/sample-post/Okay so, this permalink is a bit detailed showing the year, month and day. If you are running a newspaper sort of blog, then this is something that manages to tell when this particular news was published. The sample-post slug is something like the keywords relating to your article/post, or the post name.When Should I Use It? I wouldnt really recommend this as well mate, unless you are too keen.Demo link? I would say Mashable.http://mashable.com/2016/01/28/fb-live-video/3. Month and Name: /2016/01/sample-post/Now here, we ditched the day tag and going with month and name. This also looks pretty organized I would say, this is the default permalink for Googles Blogger.com (.blogspot) platform as well. I have seen plenty of blogs going for this format, especially tech blogs and other news blogs.When Should I Use It? Feel free to go ahead with this if you are planning to launch a tech blog or any news type of blog. I somehow feel this looks professional as well.Demo link? I would say YourStory.http://yourstory.com/2016/01/startups-digital-marketing/4. Numeric: /archvies/123I have rarely (or never?) seen any blogs having this kind of permalink setting for their blog posts. Post ID is okay but for both SEO and Non-SEO purpose, its always good to keep the post-name in the post permalink. Its the easiest way to convey people and Google that this article is about this particular topic.When Should I Use It? NEVER.5. Post Name: /sample-post/So finally, we are here with the most debated WordPress permalink structure. The only reason I would skip this is because I always feel there should be a fundamental difference between a post permalink and a page permalink, but alas. Apart from that, I also believe that this is an SEO -Friendly permalink structure.When Should I Use It? When you are running a Tips Tricks blog. Or maybe something like, an evergreen content blog. But for a News blog? Im not sure.Demo link? I would say Backlinko.http://backlinko.com/search-engine-ranking6. Custom StrutureHere we can experiment with all the permalink structure tags; you can keep post name, category, tag, year, month, etc. I have seen most of the popular blogs using the category tag in between the domain name and post name. Its also good when you want to keep your permalink organized and at the same time, you shouldnt be changing your categories often, which will surely mess up the whole structure.READ8 WordPress Plugins That Will Power Up Your BlogDemo link? I would say Business.com.http://www.business.com/seo-marketing/how-to-master-local-seo-in-2016/Permalinks Used By Other Popular BlogsYou can be as creative and as comfortable as you like when it comes to permalinks, Im sure Google focuses majorly on the content t o rank the blogs and not the permalink structure, so feel free to pick the right one. These are some of the interesting permalinks picked by other popular blogs.ShoutMeLoud: http://www.shoutmeloud.com/generate-wordpress-sitemap-jetpack.htmlGizmo Times: http://www.gizmotimes.com/news/google-amp-project-speed-up-mobile-web/4258The Verge: http://www.theverge.com/2014/4/9/5598892/wordpress-owner-automattic-buys-longreadsAs you can see, all these blogs are popular regardless how different their permalinks are, so focus on the content and forget the rest.Okay, So Which Permalink HBB Is Using?Thank God* someone asked this question. Im a complicated blogger, and I have like changed the permalinks 5 or 6 links during our Blogging Journey. And I regret that. As they say, Mind is a Monkey, I just got uncomfortable with each and every Permalink I picked, but at the end, I realised there is no secret ingredient for this.This is our permalink structure:https://hellboundbloggers.com/2016/01/increa se-website-traffic-with-whatsapp-simple-tips-63367/HBB is a community for Social Media, SEO, Blogging, Internet Marketing, Startups and much more. At first, I wanted to have HBB as a News kind of blog and I opted for the Post ID tag (which was pretty important for Google News), but later Google didnt bother much about this. Still, we are happy with the way the permalinks look, the more we focus on quality content, the more we can reach the masses, thats it.Permalinks For Categories Tags?!See, by default the WordPress category URL will be like /category/ and the WordPress tag URL will be like /tag/, but we can tweak that part and make it according to what you like. If you are running a Food recipes blog, then you can replace the category or the tag with the keyword recipes, which kind of makes more sense. This is our Category and Tag permalink:For Category: https://hellboundbloggers.com/topics/wordpress/For Tag: https://hellboundbloggers.com/info/internet-marketing/Last But Not Leas t, Keeping Year in Permalink?!This is another debated question concerning WordPress permalinks, to keep the Year or not. If you see, on HBB we published quality and detailed articles on 2009, 2010, etc., like few years back itself, and we try our best to keep them updated with latest tips/tricks. But the permalink will still have 2009 on it, so some people (very less) think that, oh, its like an article published on 2009, so the tips are outdated, lets move on to other posts. This is something which bothers Bloggers these days, but to be honest, this is no longer a big issue.For Google SERP results, we can keep it by adding Last Updated feature on our blog posts, so that it shows the time when the blog post was last updated and not first published, which actually makes a huge difference.GOOD CONTENT BRANDING ARE THE TRUE KEYS TO YOUR BLOGS GROWTH:7 Essential Tips To Produce Branded Quality Content On Your BlogHope you understand whats behind the best WordPress permalink structure g ame. So, which permalink structure you are using for your WordPress blog? Do share the format on the comments below, it should be interesting to see how people decide for their blogs.

Essay on Computers and the Film Industry - 875 Words

Computers and the Film Industry Computer technology invades the film industry. The existence of computers have aided in the production of genres of film ranging from action movie special effects, to cartoon animation and claymation. Computer Generated Imagery, better known as CGI, assists filmmakers in many ways. An image can be made two-dimensional from a three-dimensional scene, camera angles can be altered to make a character seem larger and thus more important than its surrounding bodies, and colors can be brightened or neutralized, among other things (Parsons, Oja 1). Without the aid of computers, movies would not have the ability to be what they are today. The demand for the manual animation technique known as†¦show more content†¦Scenes from the movie, like the one with the main bird attack, were able to play without background music because of the realistic nature of the bird sounds that the computer created. Hitchcock’s special effects leader, Ub Iwerks, even managed to grab an Oscar nomination for Best Achievement in Special Effects (Dirks 1). The movie industry has evolved over time. In the early stages of Hollywood (pre 1930s) movies were black and white. Although groundbreaking for the time period, a movie of 1930s caliber could not be enjoyed by the masses today. When silent films turned to â€Å"talkies,† actors and actresses were made famous if their voices lent easily to audiences’ ears. When people stopped attending movies and opted to stay home and watch television, the film industry knew they had to try something new. Wide-screen and 3-D movies were experimented with, and movies began being created and geared toward specific target markets. Attempts proved useful in the 1970s when the first movies with computer generation were made. Jaws and Starwars began the action trend. They showed audiences that special effects could create a hit movie. Now, special effects are on an entirely different level (MacNeil-Lehrer1). â€Å"Programmers have replaced cameramen† and animation movies have somewhat taken the place of movies with actors (MacNeil-Lehrer 1). Entirely lifelike images can be created by computers. HyperReal, a computerShow MoreRelated The Impact of Digital Technology on the Film Industry Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Digital Technology on the Film Industry The purpose of this research assignment is to put forward a convincing argument in how digital technology in the last four years have completely revolutionised the whole film industry. This thesis will attempt to focus on the main disciplines of film making and the impact that technology has had on each area. Firstly, this article will look at recent changes in the pre-production area of film making followed by what new equipment and storageRead MorePixar s Strategic Management : Pixar1622 Words   |  7 Pagesthis report I will talk about one of the most successful computer animation studios based in California, known for producing animated films such as Toy Story, A Bugs Life, Finding Nemo, and Monsters Inc, to mention some of their highest grossing movies. I will intent to analyze Pixar’s strategic management, their resources administration, their technological side and their competitive advantage based on producing entire films utilizing computer animation, their vision of having a devoted team of storytellersRead More Technology Film Essay867 Words   |  4 Pages Technology Film Technology has had a huge impact on the world, especially the film industry. It has had a long past and as the technology advances, it becomes more and more realistic. It all began with the first machine patented in the United States that showed animated pictures or movies. It was called the â€Å"wheel of life† or â€Å"zoopraxiscope† and was patented in 1867 by William Lincoln. Moving drawings or photographs were watched through a slit in the zoopraxiscope. However, modernRead More A New Type of Film Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesA New Type of Film Every day we are one step closer to filmmaking being as easy as taking out the brush and oils for a painting (Veneruso, 1998). The new technologies that have emerged in films have been the latest in a string of inventions, to help make the film industry better. Films have become an important part of our culutre since they started being made and shown regularly around the world. Although new technology in films may be nothing compared with other technology, it does seem thatRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Pixar1122 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Analysis of Pixar Overview In 1974, Ed Catmull was hired to manage the Computer Graphic Lab (CGL) at the New York Institute of Technology. The CGL also hired a few other computer scientists who shared ambitions about creating the world’s first computer animated film. In 1979, Ed Catmull and his team moved to the computer division at Lucasfilm. In 1986, Steve Jobs bought the computer division from Lucasfilm, paid $5million to George Lucas for technology rights and founded an independent companyRead More The Digital Film Making Industry Essays787 Words   |  4 PagesThe Digital Film Making Industry Digital filmmaking is quickly changing everything about filmmaking. Everyone from professionals to amateurs are currently seeing great advancements in many aspects of the industry. Every year thousands of independent films are made. The vast majority of these films are created using digital cameras and basic home computers. A few years ago this was impossible due the sheer cost of quality 35 millimeter cameras, and extremely expensive editing equipment. NowRead MoreEditing Work Through The Industry Of Media981 Words   |  4 Pagesinto editing I will be talking about editing work through the industry of media, we will start some of the software that is used in the industry today, these include, Premier pro, Avid, and final cut, avid has always been a strong editing software in the industry, but as some technology rises and falls premier pro is just edging the gap into the industry, as regular updates of this software make it the better choice for editing films together as different filters, transitions and bugs with in theRead MoreFilm Industry : Creative Industry1035 Words   |  5 PagesFilm Industry CREATIVE INDUSTRY REPORT Mickey Brestakova | HND 3D Animation | 26/09/17â€Æ' Background and History of Creative Industry The British’s creative industries have never been stronger. British creators are behind some of the world’s successful video games, UK architectural corporations lead on high-profile projects across the world, while British films are taking the most wanted of international industry awards. It’s a way to describe a lot of different activities which have creativity atRead MoreCase Study Analysis Of Pixar Animated Studios1248 Words   |  5 Pagesthat creates original films such as Toy Story, The Incredibles, and Cars, is an American animation film studio. It was found by Edwin E. Catmull in 1975 and in 1979; Catmull and his team worked with the director George W. Lucas and named their film studio Lucas Films. However, under Lucas Film, they were not making any profit nor had a chance to grow. Eventually, Catmull sold the film studio to Steve Jobs in 1985 who was the previous CEO of Apple. Jobs ended up getting a three-film contract under DisneyRead MoreA Video Editing Career1429 Words   |  6 Pages There are hundreds of different jobs in the television and film industry that exist today. Many people are needed to create a film or video, some people have very small parts in making the film while others have very large and important parts. Video editors hold a very important job in creating a finished a film or video. By sorting through footage, picking effective scenes, and sequencing the scenes in an effective manner; the video editor helps to create a well done final product. JOB DESCRIPTION

How Important Was “Regulatory Capture” in Causing the...

The purpose of this paper is to show that the â€Å"regulatory capture† has played a role not easily measurable in causing the global financial crisis. To illustrate this, the first step will to describe the â€Å"regulatory capture† in its three possible qualifications; then, I will explain, providing some examples, how each of these categories played a possible role in posing the basis for the financial crisis. While illustrating the different forms of capture I will present some questions that leave space to different answers. Finally, I will conclude that the regulatory capture have surely played a role in generating the crisis, but it is not possible to evaluate the effective role it had in causing it. â€Å"Regulatory capture† is not easily†¦show more content†¦For instance, the increased importance of networks and the rise of highly systemic banks created a system in which the banks became, on one side, too big to fail, and, on the other, too big to save. Indeed, the lesson from Lehman Brothers Chapter 11 is that letting go bankrupt a systemic player (even not one of the largest) might bring about unknown undesirable effects. The policy makers are, therefore, definitely captured because banking sector is architecture in such a way that constrains the policy makers to go through a bail-out in case of a relevant financial distress. So which are the consequences of this behaviour? The outcomes are double: the ex-ante banks’ possibility to engage moral hazard behaviour and the ex-post debt burden on the tax payers. This creates an incentive for the banks to take more risks due to the implicit protection of the government, that rely on the tax payers to pay for the bailouts, creating a substantial problem of fairness and social equity, in which low income class has to pay for the top income class’ errors. Another example of this theory is the state dependence on taxes generated by the financial sector. For instance, in the UK â€Å"the financial sector’s gross value added (GVA) rose over the last decade, but has declined since 2009. Its contribution to UK jobs is around 3.6%. Trade in financial services makes up a substantial proportion of the UK’s trade surplus in services. Estimates of the sector’s contribution to Government taxShow MoreRelatedEvaluating Basel10414 Words   |  42 Pagescategories that include shareholders equity, retained earnings, reserves, hybrid capital instruments, and subordinated term debt. Capital ratios are commonly measured as a percent of bank assets or risk-weighted bank assets. Bank capital serves as an important cushion against unexpected losses. It creates a strong incentive to manage a bank in a prudent manner, because the bank owners’ equity is at risk in the event of a failure. Thus, bank capital plays a critical role in the safety and soundness ofRead MoreSub Prime Crisis5863 Words   |  24 PagesTHE SUB-PRIME CRISIS OF 2008 INTRODUCTION The word meltdown no longer applies to just nuclear reactors, unruly toddlers or Popsicles and is extended to sub-prime as well. The sub-prime mortgage crisis was a slight tremor that turned into a disaster, threatening to plunge the U.S. economy into its worst recession since the tech bubble in the early 2000s. The only consensus on the issue of who caused the financial sub-prime crisis of 2008 has been that there were many who did. In the instanceRead MoreThe Effects of Bank Regulation on the Relationship Between Capital and Risk4365 Words   |  18 PagesConservatorio, 7, Milan 20122, Italy. E-mail: alessandra.tanda@unimi.it Capital regulation acts as an external force in the determination of bank capital and risk levels. Changes in the regulatory framework can inï ¬â€šuence banks’ decisions. Starting from the debate of the prudential regulation after the ï ¬ nancial crisis, this paper reviews the main empirical contributions on the role of capital regulation in the determination of banks’ capital ratios and risk exposure to evaluate bank behavior. CapitalRead MoreFinancial Benefits Of Banks : Some Chilean Lessons9549 Words   |  39 Pages WORKING PAPER â€Å"Financial Benefits in TBTF Banks: Some Chilean Lessons† Boston University Center for Finance, Law Policy SUBMITTED BY Mauricio Benitez Research Fellow, BU Center for Finance, Law Policy FACULTY MENTOR Cornelius Hurley Director, BU Center for Finance, Law Policy Professor of the Practice of Banking Law September 8th, 2015 ABSTRACT The present working paper is referred to the analysis of some â€Å"financial benefits† that banking institutions would be receivingRead MoreChile And The Us Banking Industry9279 Words   |  38 Pagesanalysis of some â€Å"financial benefits† that banking institutions would be receiving as Too Big to Fail (TBTF) banks. The request is whether those institutions are constantly subsided from governments or it is merely a hypothetical idea. For those purposes, it is analyzed the Chilean banking industry to disclose the implicit subsidy in the South American country. In order to answer the posited questions, first it is cited some similarities between Chile and the US banking industry, and then how it evolvedRead MoreSecuritization and Subprime Crisis: a Critical Analysis of the Role Credit Rating Agencies7554 Words   |  31 PagesTitle: SECURITIZATION AND SUBPRIME CRISIS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF CREDIT RATING AGENCIES Dr. Quamrul Alam Department of Management Monash University Email: quamrul.alam@buseco.monash.edu.au Phone: +613 99031030 ATM Tariquzzaman Postgraduate student Faculty of Business amp; Law Deakin University Melbourne, Australia Email: atm_zaman@hotmail.com; tuz@deakin.edu.au Mohammad Abu Yusuf Department of Management Monash University Mohammad.yusuf@buseco.monashRead MoreEurope Economic Crisis55278 Words   |  222 PagesISSN 0379-0991 Economic Crisis in Europe: Causes, Consequences and Responses EUROPEAN ECONOMY 7|2009 EUROPEAN COMMISSION The European Economy series contains important reports and communications from the Commission to the Council and the Parliament on the economic situation and developments, such as the Economic forecasts, the annual EU economy review and the Public ï ¬ nances in EMU report. Subscription terms are shown on the back cover and details on how to obtain the list of sales agentsRead MoreOil And The Deep Water Horizon Drilling Platform5125 Words   |  21 PagesDrilling Platform owned by Transocean and leased by BP Oil and the sea-floor oil gusher that flowed through 87 days in the Gulf of Mexico. We will showcase the costs and loses from the beginning of the disaster, which was in April 20th to until the oil flusher was capped on, which was in July 15th. Moreover, we will show the consequences and legal actions that were taken after the disaster occurred to minimize damages and loses caused by the disaster. B. Organization To reach our objective we researchedRead MoreCorporate Governance in Banking Sector of Bangladesh16146 Words   |  65 Pages Globalization of financial markets and fears of financial instability have brought the issue of the corporate governance into forefront of the policy discussions. In an increasingly deregulated policy environment, the big corporate failures have raised the need for implementing competent corporate governance practices. The recent financial crises in different countries have verified how the lack of good governance practices in the financial institutions can lead to a crisis in the system leavingRead MoreStock Market and Great Lakes10629 Words   |  43 PagesMukherjee T. A. Pai Management Institute, Manipal, India Abstract The stock market is witnessing heightened activities and is increasingly gaining importance. In the current context of globalization and the subsequent integration of the global markets this paper captures the trends, similarities and patterns in the activities and movements of the Indian Stock Market in comparison to its international counterparts. This study covers New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Hong Kong Stock exchange (HSE), Tokyo

A thesis paper on child abuse with a look into Dave...

Titled Child Abuse.A thesis paper on child abuse with a look into Dave Pelzers autobiography United States more than three children die as a result of child abuse in the home. That is more than 1,000 children a year and most of these children are under the age of six. (http://www.childhelpusa.org/child/links.htm) You may be wondering, what exactly is child abuse? Of what does it consist? Are there different types? What are the signs? Read on to find all the answers and take a look into the life of Dave Pelzer who was a victim of child abuse. Also, do not forget to read child protection and preventive services to find out how to protect and prevent child abuse in your area. Child abuse is widespread and needs to be not only†¦show more content†¦Most abusive parents do not intentionally set out to harm their children. If there are efforts to aid distressed families, parents at risk of abusing may be advised and helped before they resort to assault. Parent who abuse their children may stay away from other mothers and fathers in the community and not take part in school activities. When asked about the injuries of their children they do not want to talk about it or seem nervous when they do. Also, take into account that parents who are poor, sick, were abused as children, have a drinking or drug abuse problem increase the risk of child abuse to their child or children. (http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cb/publications/cm99/cpt5.htm) Dave Pelzer was a victim of and suffered severe emotional, physical child abuse and neglect since the age of five. The case of this individual was and still is one of the most recognized, not only in Californian, but North American history. He was called names, beaten, threatened, starved and neglected by his emotionally unstable alcoholic mother. She played torturous games on Dave which almost took away his life on several accounts. He was given broken bones, was stabbed and brutally abused. Dave was no longer considered part of the Pelzer family, he was later constrained to sleep in the basement on an empty stomach and was referred to as It or

Holocaust the U.S. free essay sample

Examines possible passive active role of U.S. leaders in Nazi campaign against Jews. Development of Final Solution, Amer. knowledge of Jewish persecution and effects on U.S. history. The purpose of this research is to examine the oppression of the Jews during the Holocaust and its effects on the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Holocaust the U.S. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. The plan of the research will be to set forth the historical context in which issues surrounding the impact of the Holocaust on the U.S. emerged and then to discuss the extent of knowledge and belief of the events of the Holocaust in the U.S., reactions from and behavior of various sectors of society when they learned what was happening to Jews in Europe, and in what ways the American response to the Holocaust had an impact on American society during the years of the Third Reich and afterward. Any judgment of the impact that oppression of the Jews had on the U.S. must begin with a look at the oppression in Europe. The evidence of Europe is that the apparatus of oppression was built systematically and the very thinkability of the methods Nazis..

Annotated Bibliography Essays (548 words) - Behavioral Addiction

Annotated Bibliography Gackenbach, Jayne. Psychology and the Internet : Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and TranspersonalImplications. Boston: Academic Press, 2012.Print. The chapter 4 based mainly about addiction to the internetis a very useful part to my paper because it shows aspects of addiction that I did not know about and as addiction is a huge part in psychology of human being , this chapter is just the ideal part to support my paper. Lickerman, Alex. Risks of Internet addiction: the effect of technology on relationships Published on June 8, 2010 This article gives the main effects that can have an overuse of the internet on people's brain, relationship betweensomeone with his entourage. I am not going to talk about the effect of internet on people's brain this article will help me to be more focus on effects that can affect people relationship between them. Someone will easily type something harmful online than in a fce to face , people tend to show their real side behind the screen and that is not always something enjoyable for other people. Cohen Patricia. Internet Use Affects Memory, Study Finds . Published: July 14 2011. New York Times. Np, Web December 30 2014. This source will help me to focus on a specific aspect of the brain that can be affected by the use of Internet or the overuse. That specific part is the memory. This is how the Internet is rewiring our Brain, published: October 13 2013 The Huffington post. Np, Web December 30 2014. This study shows how the technology have a big role to play on the brain on our way to think it not only has a bad impact but also help exercise and improve brain function. Keung Hing Ma, Internet Addiction and Antisocial Internet Behavior of Adolescents , published: August 17, 2011. US National Library of Medicine. Np, Web Dec 30 2014 This article has clear ideas about people behavior toward Internet it shows a similarity to to the effects caused by the Internet on the brain that goes further on the people behavior. Luskin Bernard. Brain, Behavior, and Media . Published on March 29, 2012, HYPERLINK "http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-media-psychology-effect" The Media Psychology Effect,np , Web. Dec 30 2014. This source shows the similarities and common points between the brain and behavior toward the human psychology, it will help me in my third points named "Are brain and behavior linked to the psychology ? Grohol John M. the Internet Addiction Myth: 2009 . Published in 2009. Psych Central. Np, Web Dec 30 2014 This article introduces the study of the addiction and gives some facts that shows that the addiction is something real in our actual society. Suler John. The psychology of the cyberspace. Published on August 04 2004. The psychology of cyberspace. This book is a very important sources in determining the effects of Internet addiction. Introduction http://www.bing.com/search?q=articles+about+internet+and+it+affect+on+psychologyFORM=AWRE http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/30/shocking-ways-internet-rewires-brain_n_4136942.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217592/ http://www.helpguide.org/articles/addiction/internet-and-computer-addiction.htm/http://www.psychguides.com/guides/computerinternet-addiction-symptoms-causes-and-effects/

Propaganda of Imperialism essays

Propaganda of Imperialism essays Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many European powers and later American leaders began a series of colonizations which lasted for generations. During the era of imperialism, many countries increased their interests in far away lands and had to justify their conquests to their own citizens as well as the rest of the worlds stage. Many nations began turning out propaganda justifying their actions in underdeveloped nation. Authors such as German born Friedrich Fabri and British Rudyard Kipling, along with other artists and public figures, fell into a nationalistic attitude and began publishing propaganda which glorified their nations. Pro-imperialist propaganda honored nations for sacrificing to bring civilization to the rest of the world. However, after the turning of the twentieth century, a backlash towards this ruthless imperialism began to surface in response to years of support. Imperialism opened up new markets for both raw and manufactured goods. It also helped expand the economy of those powers which controlled these new markets. European countries like Spain, Britain and France had been active in colonization since the sixteenth centuries, but with new revolutions which came with the Industrial Revolution brought renewed interest in colonization. Previously undesired parts of Africa and the South Pacific were being seized by European powers and American politicians. With this new form of imperialism came a new for of propaganda to justify such conquests. After winning the Philippines from Spain, the United States had to commence in a ten year struggle to rid the islands of native insurgents. The image found on page 149 glorifies the United States fight for control of the Philippines and the dislike for allowing the native people to rule over themselves. Rather than understanding the Filipinos own desire to be self-sufficient and independent, American ...

Fire scince Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fire scince - Assignment Example A chemical called alum ware poured on suspended particles. Hippocratic sleeve were later discovered by Hippocrates at around 500BC which they referred it to as the healing powers. The main thing done here was sieving of dirty water to obtain clean one. The first bag for filtering water was introduced during this era. The bag could hold sediments that make water dirty making people to be able to fetch clean water for consumption. Several discoveries were made and by middle Stone Age period, clean water supply was not difficult like before. Scientific discoveries had not been invented in during this time, but people had made significant improvements towards realizing them. The process of treating water is not as complex as it is feared. Companies’ responsible collects water from all sources in and around the cities treats them and sells them back for use. People use water daily for different reasons, once through with them, they dispose to drainage systems. This is the major source of water for these companies. Rivers, rain water among others are among other sources of water for treatment. They usually collect amount which is adequate for the entire population to avoid shortages in the cities. Water is a major component of most of the thing done by a man in his life. It ranges from household, recreational, industrial, environmental and agricultural among other uses. It is found out that 8% of water in the world goes for household consumption. Water for cooking, drinking, bathing sanitation, gardening among others consumes this percentage. Peter Gleick estimated basic household need for water at 50 liters per day. Drinking and cooking water need clean water to avoid dangers of getting diseases, thus bringing the need for cleaning water through water service companies in any environment. Clean water is called portable water as they can be consumed at any moment without the risk of any infection. In most first world countries, water distributed to

Riordan Corporate Compliance Plan Research Paper

Riordan Corporate Compliance Plan - Research Paper Example The company has grown in operation and thus, its growth comes with many risks and liabilities (eCampus, 2005). This is because with the expansion, it will increase its capital base, resource base, and customer base. Location in different regions around the world such as China also implies that the company will be faced with different international rules and regulations that it will have to comply with. Therefore, with all these risks, the company requires a concrete risk management plan that can be used to ensure that any perils and hazards facing the employees and management of the organization are well handled. Risk management in the organization will require involvement of a number of persons in the organization (Hopkin,  2010). This implies that the internal environment of the organization will have to be keenly assessed in order to identify the major areas that can lead to risks in the company (COSO, 2004). The objects that have been set in the company will also be keenly asse d in order to identify ways in which the risks might lead to failure of achieving the set objectives. In addition, both internal and external events that might lead to occurrence of the risks in the company will also have to be identified. Once such events have been identified, the risks will then be assessed and analyzed. Policies and control actions will also be identified in order to find the effective risk responses. Information will also be very important in the risk management plan. This is because; information will be used to learn more about the risks and ways of managing them. On the other hand, information has to be accompanied by communication. Once the relevant information about the risks has been identified, it has to be effectively communicated to the rest of the employees. In addition, Riordan Manufacturing will have to establish clear communication in order to ensure effective risk management (COSO, 2004). For instance, in the case of enterprise liability, the compan y has to ensure effective relationships with the community, in order to ensure that it minimizes its liability. After effective communication has been identified, the company will then have to monitor different sections of its operation that will require change or modification in order to ensure proper risk management (COSO, 2004). Enterprise Liability Enterprise liability refers to the responsibility that the organization has to its actions towards the public. The enterprise liability of Riordan Company involves many individuals such as the authorities responsible, the society, the employees and the management of the organization. Riordan Manufacturing is liable for a number of issues resulting from its operations (eCampus, 2005). For instance, the company is liable for any kind of pollution that it causes to the public. Since Riordan Manufacturing is a Company dealing with plastics, it might cause pollution to the environment through the gases that it emits. Therefore, this might cause a risk to the company’s operations since; higher authorities dealing with environmental conservation could sue the company. This is a risk that can only be managed by ensuring that the management of the organization communicates to the employees effectively about applying the right production methods. Employees in the company could also be trained on how to recycle waste products produced by the company (Hopkin,

Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Fast Food Essay Market and environmental analysis of McDonalds Corp – 2003. Market and environmental analysis is an essential part of an organization’s External Analysis. The main objectives of a market analysis are; a)To determine how attractive a market is. b)To understand the dynamics of the market and amend strategies accordingly. Here we apply the dimensions of a Market Analysis to McDonalds corp. 1)Emerging submarkets; McDonalds failed to recognize the changing trend in customer’s preferences to better tasting, fresher food. This trend led to new sub markets emerging for tastier, fresher and fast food perceived as healthier. A few of the smaller/privately owned competitors (Cosi and Quizno’s) were able to operate in niche markets selling gourmet sandwiches and salads. The emergence of smaller restaurants offering easy access to exotic foods such as sushi and burritos created a more specialized niche market. 2)Size and Growth; With the emergence of these sub-markets and niche markets, McDonalds started losing market share. It now had to share its fast-food mass market with these newly created markets. Even though these restaurant chains were small in size, their growth opportunities presented a potential threat to McDonalds. They operated on service that was better than McDonalds at the same time providing better tasting food, which led to an increase in its sales. This sector was in the early stages of growth where as McDonalds was past the maturity stage. 3)Profitability; McDonalds profitability can be gauged by using Porters 5 factor model. a)Intensity of competition among existing customers was relatively high. Direct competitors like Wendy’s and Chik-Fil-A were able to out perform. McDonalds based on service quality by providing quicker service. In comparison McDonalds had a large number of franchises, but will falling service time. b)Threat of new entrants: Other market niches like quizo’s, cosi and small restaurants offering exotic foods also provided a high degree of competition to McDonalds by offering food that appealed to changing customer preferences. The only barrier to entry that McDonalds used was to open a large number of franchises and offer an inexpensive menu; this is however changing as franchisees are leaving McDonalds, lowering the barriers to entry. c)Substitute products would include fast food options available in leading supermarkets, and cafe’s offering exotic foods like sushi. d)Bargaining power of customers. Customers are the main source of income for McDonalds. Customers were not happy with the menu offered at McDonalds and hence took their custom to other restaurants, leading to a drop in sales. e)Bargaining power of suppliers: McDonalds aimed to keep their menu prices low (source more details about suppliers) 4)Cost structure McDonalds strategic focus was on cost and service. In order to raise service quality new kitchens were installed. However, this installation was done for some franchises that did not need it and where the new additions did not help improve business. In order to keep the price of its burgers low, it asked the franchises to sell at a loss. Example: Promoting a $1 burger when the cost to make it was $1. 07. This lack in foresight resulted in rising costs to franchise owners who responded by leaving McDonalds and going over to competitors. This snowballed into falling investor confidence resulting in falling equity. Another cost issue was investing in too many takeovers which it couldn’t handle at the same time as improving service quality and revamping the menu. 5)Distribution Systems McDonalds distribution system was the large and growing number of franchises. However not many of the franchises were posting profits and as per Exhibit 1, more than 500 would have to be closed. One of McDonalds strengths is its distribution system, where in customers come in and have the same experience that they have at any other store. However, this can also be a weakness as providing a consistent experience soon becomes ordinary. 6)Market Trends. The fast food casual market was quickly breaking up into fragments. With the rising immigrant population customers now had a choice of items. McDonalds realize this too late and try to counter this effect by introducing new burgers. However, the testing of the new menu does not gauge strongly enough the changing customer preferences and this poor planning led to its failure. Internally changing trends were also blindsided. Franchisees who were the closest to customers were not included in decision making and were thus disgruntled. Here was the need to change the management style from top-down to bottom-up. This would have solved some of the issues plaguing McDonalds, by providing data on what customers want and what products would have a greater chance of success. 7)Key success Factors McDonalds did have some strengths or key success factors; a)Large number of franchises that led to economies of scale. This however contrasted to the ‘small is beautiful’ concept of the niche markets. b)Complete training for franchisees to begin and run their own McDonalds proved to be a good team building exercise. c)Cost of food was low due to economies of scale and economies of size. Moreover, McDonalds was able to negotiate a reasonable price for high quality food products. McDonalds failed to realize the changing trends in the casual fast food markets, as a result of which, a large part of the market share was taken over by existing brands like Wendy’s and new players like Panera bread co. The company also failed to acknowledge competition from the niche markets serving gourmet and exotic foods. This lack in analysis led to lowering of entry barriers for new entrants, loss of market share to competitors (Wendy’s, Chick-Fil-A. ), disgruntled franchisees, and a drop in sales leading to a fall in equity value. Environmental Analysis 1)Political: 2)Economic: 3)Socio-Cultural: There are three cultural forces that influence marketers: a) persistence of cultural values, b) subcultures and c) shifts in secondary cultural values. Of the three, secondary cultural values carry the largest influence on the fast-food market. When the market is interested in convenience, they are more likely to buy fast food; if the markets secondary values shift and become interested in fitness and health, they will be less likely to buy fast food. (Monash university, 2006) The case shows this shift to gourmet and healthier foods. 4)Technological: McDonalds had begun to notice the importance of technology. The organization was looking at new technological solutions like ERP to improve their supply chain (Newman, 2002) 5)Environmental: 6)Legal: References: Monash university, 2006, Briohny’s Report, Language and Learning Online, Retrieved on 06 May 2008. http://www. monash. edu. au/lls/llonline/writing/business-economics/marketing/3. 3. 2. xml Newman, K, 2002. McDonalds seeks closer electronic relations, iStart. com:Technology in business, www. istart. co. nz, retrieved on 06 May 2008. http://www. istart. co. nz/index/HM20/PC0/PVC197/EX245/AR22537.

Georges Clemenceau :: essays research papers

Georges Clemenceau Early Life: -Born on September 28th, 1841 in Vendee, France -Benjamin Clemenceau, his father, was a supporter of the 1848 revolution and was his son’s role model. -Georges grew up strongly believing in Republican views. Education: -Trained to be a doctor. -Not much else is known about his education and schooling. Achievements: -With a group of students, he wrote Le Travail. This was seized by the police and Georges spent 73 days in prison. -After he was released, he started to write a journal called Le Matin, but then he got in trouble with the authorities and was forced to stop. -After finishing his medical studies, he went to go and live and New York. -He was amazed by the amount of freedom that the people had, both politically and socially. -Worked as a teacher in Stanford, Connecticut -Eventually married one of his students and had three children. However, the marriage did not work out. -When he returned, he was elected as a Radical Republican deputy in the National Assembly. (1871) -Was re-elected to the National Assembly. (1876) -In 1902, he became a senator, and four years later, he was appointed minister of home affairs. -Became Frances Prime Minister. (1907-1910) -Under the presidency of Raymond Poincare, he was appointed Prime Minister for a second time. (1917-1920) -Was Minister of War in World War One. Major Accomplishments: -He voted against peace terms demanded by Germany in 1871. -Because of his aggressive debating style, Clemenceau was given the nickname of â€Å"the Tiger†. -He ruthlessly suppressed any popular strikes and demonstrations. As Prime Minister, he was marked by his hostility towards socialists. -During WW1, he clamped down on politicians calling for peace and punished them. -Insisted that the French Army lead the offensive against the German Army in 1918. -Pushed the war vigorously until the final victory.

Trends in Maritime Transport and Port Development in the Context of World Trade

Trends in Maritime Transport and Port Development in the Context of World Trade Carlos M. Gallegos 1. Structural changes in international trade and the evolution of maritime transport have a direct impact on port growth and expansion. Therefore, these elements and their recent characteristics must be examined, since they provide the frame of reference in which port reform in Latin America and the Caribbean has been carried out. These factors also determine future port development. A. Globalization, production, trade, and ports 2.Globalization, or the expansion of markets and hence of the economic prospects of societies, is taking place not only because of the supra-national nature of markets, but also because of the flow of foreign investment and the strategies of multinational enterprises. These multinationals today account for two-thirds of global exports of goods and services and nearly 10% of domestic sales worldwide. 3. In this environment of increasing interdependence in the wo rld, the international division of labor is changing as a result of structural changes in trade and unprecedented mobility of international capital.However, while the integration of goods and services and capital is progressing at a rapid pace, integration of the labor market is much slower. In addition, ever more sophisticated technologies are being disseminated, in a framework of spectacular streamlining in communications and telecommunications. The development of information technology has, in turn, boosted productivity and, in many cases, worker income. In general, electronic transactions and communications technology have been the necessary complement to full internalization and globalization and their major impact on production and world trade. . In mid-1999, developing countries began to recover from the 1997-1998 financial crisis in Asia, which had a severe impact on countries in Latin America. This recovery was spurred on in particular by growth in domestic demand in the Un ited States and other developed countries, low interest rates, and the Asian recovery. As a result, overall growth in gross domestic product (GDP) rose 3% (similar to growth in the developed countries). Countries are now back on the road to growth they embarked upon in 1993 that was interrupted in 1998. The global economy is projected to grow 3. % in 2000 (but only 3% in the developed countries). 5. In 1999, Latin America and the Caribbean recorded the worst economic indicators of the decade, due primarily to downturns in the Argentine and Brazilian economies. The region went into a recession (a drop on average of 0. 6% in GDP). The region’s estimated growth rate for 2000 is nearly 4%, spurred on particularly by sustained growth in recent months in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. 6. The global economic recovery in the second half of 1999 was also reflected in the upturn in world trade. World commodity exports in 1999 were valued at US$5. 6 billion — up 3. 5 % from the previous year when a negative rate of 1. 6% was posted. Export volume also grew, however at a similar rate to the previous year’s growth of 4. 5%; and for the third consecutive year, the average price of commodities fell (excluding oil). 7. World trade in services rose 2% in 1999, after last year’s sluggishness, with exported services valued at US$1. 3 billion, and there was a moderate rise in the international price of those services. 8. The regions of the world and the individual countries responded with quite varied demand and growth in their product in 1999.The situation in Latin America and the Caribbean was rather unique. 9. With the 1999 recession, the volume of Latin American and Caribbean imports fell 2% on average. However, performance in the region varied greatly by country. Imports rose 15% in Mexico, but fell 12% in the rest of the region. Similarly, the region’s exports grew 7% in 1999, but in Mexico the figure was almost double (13. 7%) . We should recall that almost 90% of Mexico’s exports (85% of which are manufactured goods) are to the US market, compared to 30% of exports from the rest of Latin America (40% of which are manufactured goods). 0. Intra-regional trade was also affected and fell considerably. The MERCOSUR countries experienced a downturn of 25% and the countries in the Andean Community, 28%. 11. Regarding the importation of services, the slowdown that began in 1998 persisted, and in 1999 there was a 9% drop on average (a 9% increase in Mexico, but a 13% drop in the remaining countries). 12. The outlook for the volume of world trade in 2000 is better; it is expected to rise 6. 5%, which is higher than the average increase in world production.Trade indicators are expected to improve in Latin America and the Caribbean, because of higher oil prices, increased investment in the region, better commodity prices and, especially, a major recovery in exports in general. 13. Foreign trade has gained ext raordinary strength and importance in the development strategies for the Latin American and Caribbean economies. Its expansion and growth is the engine of their economic growth. This is expected to continue, and what’s more the export structure is expected to be geared towards manufactured goods with high value added.Since nearly 90% of trade in this region is shipped by sea, port development is of the utmost important. B. Characteristics of maritime transport 14. Below are some of the characteristics of maritime trade traffic for containers, liquid and dry bulk cargo, and tourism (US$3. 5 billion). 15. Despite the changing, adverse conditions in production and world trade mentioned above, transport of maritime trade continued to grow in 1999, but only by 1. 3% — a slower rate than in previous years (2. 2% in 1998 and 4. 1% in 1997). This was the lowest level recorded since 1987.The volume of world trade transported on the seas was over 5. 1 billion tons, a similar fig ure to the previous year. Growth estimates for 2000 are roughly 4%, similar to 1997. 16. Containers. Use of containers has been on the rise since their introduction in 1956, and this market has the best growth outlook in the sector. As a result, high-capacity ships have been built; today more than 60 have a capacity over 5,000 20-foot equivalent units (TEUs). Container traffic was an estimated 190 million TEUs in 1999; of that amount the Port of Singapore moved 15. million TEUs. Studies forecast 6% annual growth in container traffic through 2005, as a result of continued expansion of the use of containers by the shipping industry in developing countries; increased trade in manufactured goods and products with a higher value added; the trend towards globalization by multinational manufacturers; and growth of megaships and the resulting rise in feeder and ferry traffic. 17. Liquid cargo. A total of 2. 159 million tons of liquid cargo was loaded in 1999, with an annual rate of change o f less than 1. 3%.Oil continues to be the main component, accounting for nearly 70% (roughly 1. 5 billion tons annually), followed by liquid gas and petrochemicals. Double-hull 300,000 ton supertankers are used the most to transport crude oil between its main axes, i. e. Asia, the United States, and Europe. 18. Dry bulk cargo. Maritime transport of trade in dry bulk cargo includes most notably: iron ore, coal, grain, bauxite/aluminium oxide, and phosphates. In 1999, together they represented 1. 233 million tons with an annual rate of change of 2. 8%; 70,000-ton bulk carriers are also important in this type of traffic.Many shipping companies build panamax ships to measure with cranes to load and unload bulk cargo, which reduces transport costs. Bulk cargo is still the largest segment of maritime transport, representing almost one fourth of total freight loaded annually. 19. Tourism. The cruise ship industry had grown and received massive investments in recent years. It is estimated t hat over 7 million persons will take a cruise this year, a similar figure to last year, and the American market is the main consumer. Recently, high-tonnage ships have been built, such as the Royal Caribbean Voyager of the Seas, at 130,000 tons with he capacity to hold 3,115 passengers, inaugurated last November, and the Royal Caribbean Explorer of the Seas, which has the same characteristics and began service in October 2000. Regionally, the recipient markets are most notably the Caribbean and the new market in the Southern Cone. Ports are competing to attract these passenger ships and face the challenge of having the appropriate port infrastructure in place, as well as the complementary service facilities that passengers require, such as taxis, buses, guides, and shopping centers. This is certainly a growing market in every respect, but a very competitive, capital-intensive one.C. The shipping industry: characteristics and prospects 20. The main shipping lines in the world, such a s Maersk Sealand, Evergreen, P&O Nedlloyd, Hanjin, Cosco, and many others serve the most complex, profitable routes in the world, including some in Latin America and the Caribbean. 21. The 25 most powerful shipping lines control almost 60% of container transport capacity in world trade. In addition to growing concentration of container activity in the hands of the largest, most powerful shipping lines, there is an unrelenting process of consolidation and the forging of alliances among the main shipping lines.In other words, they are growing larger every day, but have also decided to work together. The two most powerful alliances that were recently renewed are the Great Alliance (among NYK, Hapag Lloyd of Germany, the Anglo-Dutch company P&O Nedlloyd, Orient Overseas Container Lines (OOCL) of China, and the Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC)) and the New World Alliance (among Mitsui OSK Lines (MOL) of Japan, APL/Neptuno Orient Lines (NOL) of Malaysia, and Hundai Merchant Marine (HM M) of Korea) which have focused primarily on reorganizing the main trade routes.The sphere of action of these alliances is broader, involving a global strategy and ground services. This raises questions about the ability of certain container port terminals to survive and particularly about whether or not the conditions for perfect competition are present in these markets. 22. Another characteristic of this industry is the production and servicing of mega container vessels. The number and size of postpanamax container vessels will continue to grow, which will increase the transport of containers, reduce stops in the main routes, and therefore increase the services of feeder ships.Ship capacity will continue to rise, and ports will have to adjust to their size. In 1999, over 120 postpanamax ships were operating. Maersk has ships that can transport nearly 7,000 TEUs (K and S classes) and 8,000-TEU ships are due out soon. Germanischer Lloyd is planning to operate a mega container ship o f 15,000 TEUs by 2010, when the volume of container trade is expected to be double the current figure (roughly 200 million TEUs). The ship would cover the East-West route and feed ships of 4,000 and 5,000 TEUs.This would reduce the number of port movements, but requires ports with enormous capacity. 23. Changes in container terminal operators. With the expansion of the container industry, the structure and organization of terminal operations have changed. Today there are three categories of container terminal operators: (i) port authorities that have decided to become directly involved in handling containers, such as the public ports of Singapore and the Virginia Port Authority or the private ports of Felixtowe or Freeport.However, this category has been on the decline with the emergence of port corporations; (ii) private port terminal operating companies involved in a process of concentration, including stevedoring. The 15 main operators have expanded their activities outside of th eir ports of origin, associating themselves with large stevedoring groups (e. g. PSA Corporation, Hutchinson, ECT, P&O Ports, and SSA); and (iii) the shipping lines that have decided to control and manage their own container terminals. This decision was made for two main reasons.The first was for strategic reasons, because these global transporters are involved in hub and transshipment ports and therefore need to control their operations, including docking priority and guaranteed availability of equipment for use. The second was to reduce costs, i. e. for savings, based on economies of scale and better control of terminal expenses. 24. The provision of port-to-port logistical services. As shipping lines (e. g. Maersk Logistics, Evergreen American Corporation) participate in ogistical service solutions, they absorb them or forge associations with these intermodal service providers to ensure consistent, regular service, meeting the client’s demands through the port-to-port supp ly chain. This range of logistical services, which includes the consolidation of containers, documentation services, and storage and distribution, will continue to expand and improve every day and will have a greater impact on reducing costs and enhancing efficiency. 25. Information and communications technology and electronic commerce.Port services will step up their use of computerized systems and information technology, such as the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) system and the Internet. The increase in transport capacity will require immediate data on the exact location and status of cargo, as well as on all logistical and institutional aspects of port operations. In light of these requirements, all port and shipping industry sectors will continue to invest in new systems and channels of communication.The industry will be moving towards a paperless world in which all types of information are handled electronically. 26. Use of the Internet for electronic commerce is also import ant. That industry has shown impressive growth of 68% in the last year. This mode of commerce is affecting how the transport industry does business, and theories abound regarding its impact on the maritime port industry. Internet commerce was one of the topics discussed at the WTO negotiations, and the issue of taxes on e-commerce is still under study. 27.These characteristics and trends in the shipping industry are the result of the development of the world economy and globalization, resulting in demand for new standards of efficiency for maritime transport and creating new challenges for the world’s ports. D. Economic reforms and trade challenges for ports in the region 28. Macroeconomic reforms. The region has undertaken a series of macroeconomic reforms that prioritize export promotion, putting aside import substitution, which has been considered detrimental since the 1970s. 29.Important tariff reforms have been adopted that include marked drops in tariffs on finished pro ducts, and even lower levels for inputs for exportation; the adoption of fewer tariff tiers, with a single flat tariff; and the establishment of a positive, effective protection mechanism. This promotes the generation of value added, instead of punishing it. In terms of exchange rates, the various fixed exchange rates were eliminated, which were arbitrary and ignored market criteria. Real exchange rates govern currency exchange today.Tax reform has also been tackled, but not with the necessary vigor. Domestic taxes on income, assets, use, or value added are now contributing more to national public treasuries, replacing taxes on foreign trade as the main source of revenue. There is still a long road ahead for tax reform in most countries. Attracting foreign capital is another important element on the list of reforms that have sped up the growth of our economies, by helping external resources to complement low domestic savings and finance projects in new productive sectors.State refor ms complete the picture; they are an effort to redirect state leadership in the economic development process, where the state goes from being a major player, monopolist, and executor of economic activity to playing the role of a regulatory, control body that works with the private sector. State reforms also include the privatization of public agencies (ports have been in the forefront here) and other public institutions, such as customs. 30. Almost all governments in the region have made a major effort to move forward with economic liberalization, trade opening, and export promotion, allowing for major growth in the 1990s.Nonetheless the imbalance in wealth distribution, the inability of large segments of the population to overcome extreme poverty, and the still weak reforms of institutions and some branches of government are disturbing, destabilizing elements that are reflected in the serious economic malaise that many countries in the region are experiencing today. 31. FTAA 2005. The heads of government of the Hemisphere agreed at the Summits of Miami (1994) and Santiago (1998) to promote the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), in order to form a broad market stretching from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego that would be the largest international consumer arket, with 800 million inhabitants. Negotiations on customs rebates are geared towards complying with this date, and this mechanism is expected to substantially increase inter-American trade, thus intensifying the flow of hemispheric port traffic. 32. European Union. The policy of strengthening trade relations, particularly between South America and Europe, has been gaining major momentum; for example, trade negotiations with MERCOSUR are being promoted. Other plans, such as the free trade agreement between Mexico and Europe, confirm the trend towards increased trade between these two regions in the medium term. 33.Subregional integration systems. Another factor that has accelerated the flow of trade is the existence of several subregional integration systems, such as the Andean Community of Nations (CAN), MERCOSUR, the Central American Common Market (CACM), or the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). They must speed up subregional trade, but must also support the formation of the FTAA and facilitate the standardization of different trade policies. All of this will translate into increased movement in maritime and hemispheric port traffic. It is noteworthy that, at the Andean level, over 50% of commodities were shipped by sea in 1999. 4. Strengthening international trade negotiations. The World Trade Organization (WTO) tried unsuccessfully to promote a new round of trade negotiations at its Third Ministerial Conference in Seattle in November 1999. The proposed work program for the next five years consisted in negotiations on liberalizing trade in agricultural products, services, food security, electronic commerce, and other topics. Even though the differences of the developing and developed countries could not be bridged, important progress was made, indicating that a new round could be launched soon.The developed and developing countries also gave clear signs of their intent to continue with a policy of trade opening and economic liberalization, and there are no signs of a rebirth of protectionism. These indicators strengthen the foundation for the future growth and expansion of world trade. 35. Customs facilitating trade. Similarly, the World Customs Organization (WCO) is making progress in technical areas that facilitate trade, which favors the expansion of world trade in the short and medium terms.Significant progress has been made towards adopting revised standards on the origin of traded goods; the new and revised version of the Convention on Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures (â€Å"Kyoto Convention†); standards for applying the Code to assess the value of goods in customs according to transaction value criteria; the ongoing amendments under the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System; and the application of new information and communications technology.All these customs instruments are essential complements for facilitating and expanding trade in our countries. E. Port actions for port development 36. Port reforms. The port sector in the region has exhibited change, but in different ways and to different degrees in each country. Generally speaking, the sector has been regulated and national port policies set, which in many cases had been absent. State monopolies in port operation and administration have been revised, by either totally or partially decentralizing port activity to local governments and/or granting the private sector concessions.Labor constraints have been overcome, and port authorities have therefore been playing a different role. This new environment is reflected in the revision of port tariffs, seeking to develop a more efficient, more flexible port system that is swifter, safer, and cheaper. The experts attending this event will more clearly and objectively illustrate how port systems operate in different countries in the Hemisphere. 37.I would like to reaffirm that, port reforms must be sped up for greater port efficiency and competitiveness, particularly in countries that have not yet done so, regardless of the ownership model the governments decide to adopt, since international trade will not wait, and the countries’ growth and development can not be put off because of undefined policy. Delaying this reform will only result in higher social costs in the medium term. While it is important to define a port system — be it public, private, or a combination of the two — it is essential to have the means and facilities or achieving levels of efficiency to be able to adapt to the requirements of world trade and compete successfully. Landlord ports are the most common arrangements in the region. That is where port authorities cease to serve as p ort operator, provide the necessary infrastructure, and grant concessions to the private sector to operate complementary services and terminals. Generally, in this situation, the central government grants financing to the sector, such as direct subsidies and credit guarantees. In general, this model promotes higher-quality service delivery. 38.The impact of ports on promoting national economic development. This is another consideration that I would like to reiterate, with a few examples of what is being done in other developing countries that have made progress in port reform. These countries have concessionaires and private terminal operators and have been adversely affected by the various financial crises. Their development strategy also depends heavily on exports. However, strategic development plans and specific recommendations are in place to strengthen the role of the port sector to ensure significant recovery of the national economy.They include: (i) operators reviewing their operating costs to eliminate unnecessary expenditures; (ii) enhancing the efficiency and productivity of port operations, particularly by shortening the time needed for container movement by crane or using more cranes for ships with higher cargo volume and employing information and communications technology in daily operations, bearing in mind the growing volume of cargo being moved and the corresponding volume of communications that must be executed; (iii) conducting more aggressive marketing campaigns to raise the volume of cargo sent directly from the country’s ports to its final destination; (iv) implementing infrastructure projects aimed at raising port capacity in the medium term; (v) conducting equipment and port facility maintenance campaigns to continue to ensure efficient operations; and (vi) continually revising the role of port authorities to cover changes in the market. In light of these reforms, their role is focused on planning and regulating port activity, fa cilitating the transport chain, controlling and supervising the activities of private enterprises by developing information systems, and promoting and working with the port community and foreign and international institutions. 39.Take into account trends and developments in the maritime industry and port operators in order to adjust port development strategies to the world challenges of this century. (i) Global port operators will continue to expand to new geographic areas and will maximize the use of technology to create worldwide port networks that can offer consistent levels of services and modes of operation. More alliances will be forged among port terminal operators to promote economies of scale and use of global capacity. (ii) Since capital investments will be high, only the most powerful enterprises with significant financial resources will remain in these alliances. iii) Port facilities will acquire new and better standards and advanced technology in order to serve mega shi ps. (iv) Container storage capacity must be improved through new systems and new facility designs. (v) There will be significant investment in communications and information technology for a world run electronically. 40. Finally, partnership for development. This mechanism will be crucial for the future of regional port activity, given the urgent need for information exchanges for decision-making in port operations on shipping companies and port operators, as well as on producing projects to be implemented jointly and meeting market requirements in general. Bilateral and multilateral cooperation must increase.The Organization of American States (OAS) has an Inter-American Committee on Ports (CIP) which serves as a forum for dialogue for the governments of all countries in the Americas and the port authorities, but also for port operators, shipping lines, and commercial, industrial, financial, academic, and scientific entities. Use of this mechanism is an effective, low-cost option f or strengthening hemispheric cooperation among ports in the Americas and contributing to their development. Port forums, such as those offered by the Andean Committee of Water Transport Authorities (CAATA) and the Association of Caribbean States (ACS), among others, work along the same lines for cooperation and to achieve port efficiency, which our government authorities must use to the fullest. 41. Conclusion. Ladies and gentlemen, my goal has been to provide you with up-to-date information on the ever-changing world of ports.What we are seeing in the world’s ports today we could never have envisioned 25 years ago, like 8,000-TEU megaships or ports with great capacity to move containers, such as the Port of Hong Kong with 16. 2 million TEUs per year. However, we often consider 25-year blocks in long-term investments in the maritime port industry. Changes in the industry in the next quarter of a century will be even more dizzying and spectacular, and our ports will have to ad apt. 42. In this globalized world and in our corner of the world where 90% of our trade goes through ports, it is the responsibility of the governments, operators, shipping companies, service providers, and workers to work together to support the development of both our ports and our economies. Let’s forge an efficient, competitive inter-American alliance for the future of our ports! CIP00106E

The Complex Subject of Minimum Wage in Our Economy

The legally established minimum wage is a complex aspect of our economy. On the surface, the idea is simple: the minimum wage fixes the minimum hourly amount an employer must pay his employee. But at a deeper level, calculating the economic impact of a minimum wage is a challenging task full of projections and speculations, and with this uncertainty comes contentious political debate. Economic liberals argue that the minimum wage should be aggressively raised, while conservatives argue that it should remain at its current state. Ultimately, a combination of historical evidence, economic analysis, and an understanding of psychology suggest that we should not raise the minimum wage. The minimum wage makes low-skill work less affordable to employers, meaning that fewer people can be hired. Since work experience is a vital part of building a successful career, this means that fewer people will have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder. 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